It is a serious form of child maltreatment and abuse, and is encountered in most high conflict child-custody disputes and is often used as a tool to align the child against another parent.” “Hostile-Aggressive Parenting is considered by many health care and legal experts unhealthy, anti-social, abusive behavior which is emotionally damaging and contrary to the best interest of a child. Although HAP and PAS are often confused, HAP refers to the behaviors, actions and decisions of a person, whereas, PAS relates to the psychological condition of the child. ![]() ![]() The denial of parental visitations is known as a form of Hostile Aggressive Parenting, HAP, which may lead to the damaging effects on the children caused by Parental Alienation Syndrome or PAS. ![]() Under Texas Penal Code 25.03, “interference with child custody is when someone takes or retains a child when that person knows that the taking or retention of the child violates a judgment or court order.” Child custody laws and the lack of enforcement are issues gaining momentum in the Lone Star State as it is reported that law enforcement fails to take action when called upon to assist while interfering is considered a state felony punishable by up to two years in prison.
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